Danakil Depression: Exploring One Of Hottest Places On Earth
As scientists are still continuing with their work of discovering life in Danakil, we wouldn't hesitate in saying that this place - known as 'The Gateway to Hell' - is definitely one of the most unique places on Earth, that's yet to be explored properly! 🌎
Decorated British desert explorer Wilfred Thesiger once called it a “Land of Death”. National Geographic christened it the “Cruellest Place on Earth”; yet for this basin in North Eastern Ethiopia, tens of thousands of families have earned their income and livelihoods from mining one of the most precious commodities: salt, that the locals consider to be ‘white gold’.
Vivien Cumming of BBC Earth had put it aptly, when he said, “The Sun scorches the cracked earth, a wavering mirage confuses the eye, and dry air and dust suck the moisture from your mouth and eyes. Ethiopia’s Danakil Depression is one of the hottest, driest, and lowest places on the planet.”
Despite the immense scientific, geological & historical importance that Danakil holds, it’s quite strange that we’re never taught about such places in our school books!
Scientific Significance of Danakil
Scientists have been doing research for a decade now, and it seems that life around Danakil is kind of similar to what’s surviving on Mars, due to the extremely salty environment with volcanic origin. The area is also characterized by toxic sulphur and chlorine vapors, as a result of natural degassing volcanic processes.
Geological Significance of Danakil
Embedded in the horn of Africa, this region is popularly called the Afar Triangle – a geological depression that has resulted from the divergence of three tectonic plates. It has developed as a result of Africa and Asia moving apart, causing rifting and volcanic activity. Erosion, inundation by the sea, and the rising and falling of the ground have all played their part in forming this depression.
When we were there, it seemed like we’d come to another planet! Indeed, it seems more alien than Earth-like. There are volcanoes with bubbling lava lakes, multi-colored hydrothermal fields, and great salt pans that dazzle the eyes. It’s the hottest place on Earth, lying about 410 ft (125 m) below sea level, and during the summer months, the temperature often goes up to as high as 55 degrees C.
Historical Significance of Danakil
Amazingly, despite its toxic environment and lack of rainfall, Danakil is home to some lifeforms, including microbes. As inhospitable as the environment is around Danakil, it seems that this area played a role in the evolution of humanity. In 1974, researchers led by paleoanthropologist Donald Johnson found the fossil remains of an Australopithecus woman nicknamed “Lucy.”
The scientific name for her species is Australopithecus afarensis as a tribute to the region where she and fossils of others of her kind have been found. That discovery has led to this region being dubbed the “cradle of humanity”. (Source: Wikipedia)
How To Reach Danakil?
It’s not an easy journey! Despite that, it’s surely a magical place to explore.
The nearest airport is in Mekele. However, it might not be easy to get a direct flight there.
The best option is to fly to Addis Ababa, the Ethiopian capital, from where you can take another (domestic) flight to Mekele.
From here, it was a road trip across the Great Rift Valley, crossing some of Ethiopia’s highest points to explore one of the lowest points on Earth!
The best way to explore is to book a three-night/four-day trip across Danakil Depression, which includes a night trek to Erta Ale, an active shield volcano in this region; exploring the salt flats and vast stretches of the desert; a night under the starlit sky at Hamed Ela; a chance to dip in the salt pools; and, of course, endless opportunities to walk alongside the acid pools and sulphur formations!
Despite the harsh climatic conditions and lack of necessities, the people of Afar are happy to call this home! They mostly trade with salts, which are abundantly available in this part of the world. We saw hundreds of camels carrying salt bars across the desert. It was a sight to behold!
We traveled with ETT (Ethio Travel & Tours), the most reputed agency that organizes the Danakil Depression Tours. The 3 nights/4 days trip would cost you around 600 USD. The price might seem high for backpackers on a shoestring budget. Still, you need to consider that you’re traveling in a great, comfortable, and safe 4×4 car, guarded by a convoy with local policemen to ensure your safety, and you have all your water, food, guide and entrance fees included.
[You can also book a 2-night 3-days tour to Danakil from GetYourGuide]
To conclude in the words of the Lonely Planet, “If you want genuine, raw adventure, few corners of the globe can match this overwhelming wilderness. But come prepared because with temperatures frequently saying hello to 50°C and appalling ‘roads’, visiting this region is more an expedition than a tour.”
Frequently Asked Questions about Danakil Depression in Ethiopia
Is it safe to visit the Danakil Depression?
While the area is remote and harsh, it is generally safe for visitors who join organized tours. Guides are familiar with the terrain and local conditions, ensuring a safer experience. It is essential to follow their instructions and stay hydrated.
What is the best time to visit the Danakil Depression?
The best time to visit is during the cooler months, from November to February, when temperatures are more manageable. Avoid visiting during the summer due to extreme heat.
Is it possible to visit Erta Ale Volcano?
Yes, Erta Ale is a highlight of tours to the Danakil Depression. You can hike up the volcano, usually starting in the late afternoon or evening to avoid the heat. The hike takes about 3 to 4 hours each way.
Do I need a guide to visit the Danakil Depression?
Yes, it is mandatory to have a guide. The terrain is challenging, and the harsh environment makes it essential to travel with experienced guides who provide food, water, and safety measures.
How long does a typical Danakil Depression tour last?
Most tours range from 3 to 5 days, depending on the itinerary and whether they include Erta Ale and other sites like Lake Afrera and the Dallol hydrothermal fields.
Is the Danakil Depression part of a tectonic plate boundary?
Yes, it lies at the junction of three tectonic plates: the African, Arabian, and Somali plates. This makes it geologically active, contributing to its volcanic activity and unique landscapes.
- Can I combine a trip to the Danakil Depression with other destinations in East Africa?
Absolutely! A visit to the Danakil Depression can easily be combined with other East African adventures. Many travelers choose to pair it with a 7-day wildlife safari in Kenya, exploring iconic parks like Masai Mara and Lake Nakuru. Alternatively, you can extend your stay in Ethiopia and explore the Omo Valley over 5 days, immersing yourself in the region’s rich tribal cultures and vibrant traditions. Both options offer a perfect blend of surreal landscapes and authentic cultural experiences.
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About Me
An absolute foodie and a die-hard ‘mountain-aholic’, I love to read and write! (Give me a book and I’ll love you all the more!)
Over the last few years, I have had the opportunity to travel to a lot of places across India and abroad, and I escaped to the mountains often – blame it on my ardent love for the quaint Himalayan towns and Lemon-Honey-Ginger tea!
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